Contrary to the copyright holder claims that peer-to-peer communications networks are copyright infringement schemes, decentralized peer-to-peer networks have become the dominant form of Internet communications because they are vastly more efficient. Peer-topeer technologies eliminate the congestion and cost of central servers and distribute bandwidth requirements throughout the network. In so doing they become a powerful force to expand freedom of expression and the flow of information, stimulate innovation and promote the economic interests of consumer and creative artists alike.