The Cuomo case began in 2005 when the New York Attorney General launched an investigation into potential discrimination by national banks under New York’s anti-predatory lending laws. Mortgage lending data indicated that national banks had issued a significantly higher percentage of high-interest predatory loans to African-American and Hispanic borrowers than to white borrowers. The OCC went to court to stop the New York Attorney General’s investigation and was joined by an association of national banks. Consumers Union joined this amicus brief filed by the Center for Responsible Lending, arguing against preemption of the state fair lending efforts.